everywhere in the Carpathian Mountains at an altitude of 150-200 to 1300-1400 m above sea level. The area of beech forests of Ukraine is 251 thousand hectares, or 5% of the total area of forests. Book distributed at the eastern Caucasus and the Crimea in the forests of beech Georgia employs about 1036 ha, in Azerbaijan – 258 thousand, in Armenia – 92 thousand hectares. In addition, in the area of beech forests exceeds 661 thousand ha, just an opportunity to clean the pads on the equipment for cleaning pads. In North Ossetia, Chechen-Ingushetia and Kabardino-Balkaria, beech is the predominant breed. Fruit Beech – small triangular red-brown nuts that sit for 2-4 pieces. in each cupule, maturing in cracked after four beats. Beech nuts rich in protein (12%), fats (56%) and other valuable substances.
Nut kernel contains a poisonous substance – Fagin, collapsing in the heat. Therefore, in the food they can only be used as toasted. Of beech nuts are food and industrial oil. Beech oil has good taste. In the canning industry it is used for the preparation of canned fish.
Need cleaning pads. Beech nuts are collected after full maturity (October) and the falling of the earth, where they are easily separated from the cupule. Lack of mechanized collection of beech nuts strongly inhibits their collection and harvesting. After gathering their nuts are dried to a residual humidity of 10-11%. Dry them naturally and to fire kilns at temperatures above 60 C. The Manchurian walnut. A large tree up to 28 m in diameter and up to 1 m, with very large (up to 1 m in length and 40 cm wide) leaves. Distributed in the Far East in the southern part of Khabarovsk and Primorye territories. In the mountains there are up to 600 m above sea level. Nut up to 6 cm and a diameter of 2.6 cm with a fleshy glandular-sticky outer hull and a solid dark-brown during the restoration of internal, is sharpening and 6-8 longitudinal sharp edges. The shell is hard and thick. The kernel is only 18-20% of the weight of walnut shell. In the kernels contain 58-59% fat and 20% protein. Extremely hard shell and relatively large nucleus reduce marketability of Manchurian walnut.